An Open Letter to the Bursa Carbon Exchange Regarding Murum Dam Renewable Energy Credits

25 June 2024. We, the undersigned, are concerned that the Bursa Carbon Exchange (BCX) which aims to support national and corporate commitments to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, is planning to auction renewable energy credits (RECs) from the Murum Dam in Sarawak.

The undersigned organisations call on the BCX and its potential customers to recognise that the Murum Dam:

Impacted Biodiversity: The Dam, constructed between 2008 and 2015 and operated by Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB), is estimated to have cleared 24,500 hectares of naturally regenerating forest, equivalent to the size of Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur (WPKL). This deforestation impacted the habitat of totally protected species including the Silvered Leaf Monkey, Bornean Gibbon, and others.

Led to Human Rights Issues: The Dam displaced and resettled more than 1,400 Indigenous Penan and Kenyah villagers without their free, prior, informed consent (FPIC). In 2012 and 2013, blockades set up by Penan villagers to protect their customary land led to the arrest of 10 villagers, including two children. In the aftermath of the project, the resettled Penan and Kenyah lost ties to their ancestral lands along the Plieran and Danum river, altering their traditional ways of life. Infertile soil, polluted rivers and forests affected by industrial plantations have impacted their ability to cultivate plants, fish and hunt for game in and around the resettlement areas. Impacts such as poorly constructed longhouses, a lack of basic necessities, no steady stream of electricity, and a scarcity of healthcare facilities are well documented in reports by SUHAKAM and the Malaysian Bar.

Is Marred by Poor Governance Practices: The Dam’s construction began before legal requirements were met. The social and environment impact assessment (SEIA) was made available neither to the public nor to communities before or during the construction process. According to SEB themselves, the SEIA had not even been completed as of 2012; 4 years after the construction began. Additionally, despite the fact that 1,400 people were displaced, resettlement negotiations only began two years after the construction of the Dam commenced. Further, SEB’s resettlement action plan was only made available to communities when it was leaked to them two years later.

Is a Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Tropical rainforests are significant carbon sinks. The GHG emissions associated with the deforestation of 24,500 hectares of forests for the Dam amounted to nearly 9 million tons CO2e. Further, large hydropower projects in the tropics are a significant source of GHG emissions due to the breakdown of organic matter in the reservoir, leading to significant climate-damaging methane emissions, which an independent study had estimated to be 56,340t per year.

Has no transparent documentation: The Murum Dam is certified according to  the I-REC standard, under which there is no obligation for technical documents concerning the project to be made public. At the time of publication, there is no page on the SEB website, I-REC website or any other source with even a description of the REC project, let alone any detailed technical documents such as disclosures of its claimed baseline or additionality, which are essential criteria for credible REC projects.

Does not reduce carbon emissions: Renewable energy credits are an unproven concept. They involve a power producer in one locality selling hypothetical RECs (i.e one MWh of renewable energy) to a buyer in another locality that does not have access to renewable energy, meaning that the buyer can claim they are using 100% renewable energy even if they purchase power from a fossil-fuel powered grid based on their purchase of a hypothetical credit. Given that this REC is conducted 9 years after the dam began; the REC neither changes the emissions of their customers, nor does it incentivise additional renewable energy capacity as the Dam had been built a decade ago. Illustrating this, a 2022 study published in Nature found that “the widespread use of RECs by companies with science-based targets has led to an inflated estimate of the effectiveness of mitigation efforts”. 

Megadams associated with violations of Indigenous rights, destruction of biodiversity and non-transparency are not a climate solution.

We have a very narrow period to keep 1.5 degrees alive. We do not have time to waste on unproven RECs based on problematic projects.

End the REC Greenwash. Suspend the Murum Dam REC and all other questionable projects from the Bursa Carbon Exchange.

AJ Rimba Collective
Agora Society Malaysia (Agora)
Alliance of River Three (ART!)
Association of Women Lawyers (AWL)
Bruno Manser Fonds
Center for Orang Asli Concerns (COAC)
Center to Combat Corruption and Cronyism (C4 Center)
Centre for Independent Journalism (CIJ)
Consumers Association of Penang
Engineers Without Borders Malaysia (EWBM)
Environmental Protection Society Malaysia (EPSM)
Family Frontiers
Forum Kedaulatan Makanan Malaysia (FKMM)
Free Tree Society
Future Alam Borneo
Gabungan Darurat Iklim Malaysia
Gerakan Belia Sepunjabi Malaysia
Gerimis Art Project
Glimpse of Malaysia
Greenpeace Malaysia
Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS)
KAMY
Kaveinthran, Native Blind, independent disabled human rights activist
Kiu & Co.
Lawyer Kamek
Malaysian Agroecology Society (SRI-Mas)
Malaysian Nature Society – Conservation Division
Our Journey
Pangolin Aware
Parti Sosialis Malaysia (PSM)
Partners of Community Organisations (PACOS Trust)
Pergerakan Tenaga Akademik Malaysia (Malaysian Academic Movement, GERAK)
Persatuan Aktivis Sahabat Alam – KUASA
Persatuan Pemangkin Daya Masyarakat (ROSE)
Persatuan Pemuliharaan dan Pemeliharaan Alam Sekitar Sarawak (Pelihara)
Pertubuhan Alam Sekitar Sejahtera Malaysia – GRASS
Pertubuhan Pelindung Khazanah Alam Malaysia (Peka)
Pertubuhan Suara Anak Sabah
Reef Check Malaysia
RimbaWatch
Rimbun Dahan Arboretum
SAVE Rivers
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NETWORK MALAYSIA (SUSDEN MALAYSIA)
Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM)
Sarawak Dayak Iban Association
Saya Anak Bangsa Malaysia [SABM]
Seagrass Guardians
Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM)
TONIBUNG
Terabai Kenyalang Heritage Association of Sarawak (TKHAS)
The Borneo Project
Third World Network
Treat Every Environment Special (TrEES)
Youths United for Earth (YUFE)
Zero Waste Sabah